Presenting readers with an introduction to this rapidly growing area, Miniaturization of Analytical Systems describes a general vision of the miniaturization of the analytical systems, including their principles, designs, and applications. The book examines procedures for both miniaturization and coupling to conventional equipment. Throughout ten chapters, the authors develop the different aspects characterizing the miniaturized systems making this a must-have for scientists involved in miniaturization in analytical systems and lab-on-a-chip technology, analysts, instructors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
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Chapter 1
MINIATURIZATON IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Miniaturization as one of the critical trends in modern analytical chemistry
1.3 Evolution in analytical miniaturization field
1.4 Classification and definition of terms
1.5 Theory of miniaturization
1.6 Features of miniaturized analytical systems
1.7 Incidence of miniaturization in the analytical process
1.8 Present challenges and trends
1.9 References
Chapter 2
TOOLS FOR DESIGNING MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Miniaturized analytical processes: the downsizing and integrating phenomena
2.3 Microfluidic devices
2.4 Microtechnology
2.5 MEMS and NEMS
2.6 Outlook of the microfluidic applications
2.7 References
Chapter 3
AUTOMATIZATION AND MINIATURIZATION OF SAMPLE TREATMENT
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Simplification of sample treatment. Microextraction techniques.
3.3 Use of continuous flow systems for sample treatment
3.4 References
Chapter 4
MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS FOR ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS (I): SYSTEMS BASED ON AN HYDRODYNAMIC FLOW
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The early example of miniaturization of a gas chromatograph and some ulterior developments
4.3 Liquid separation techniques based on the reduction of hydrodynamic flow: capillary liquid chromatography
4.4 Liquid chromatography in micro-chip
4.5 Analytical trends of miniaturized liquid chromatographic techniques
4.6 References
Chapter 5
MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS FOR ANALYTICAL SEPARATION (II): SYSTEMS BASED ON ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW.
5.1. Introduction
5.2 Capillary electrophoresis on microchip format
5.3. Modes and theory of capillary electrophoresis microchips
5.4. Microfabrication techniques
5.5. Basic fluidic manipulation/motivation: electrokinetic injection and separation protocols
5.6. Electrochromatography in microchip format: designs and applications
5.7. Comparison between hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flow-driven miniaturized systems
5.8. Analytical applications
5.9 Outlook
5.10 References
Chapter 6
DETECTION IN MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIF)
6.3 Electrochemical Detection
6.4 Microfluidic-MS interfacing
6.5 Unconventional detection methods
6.6 Outlook
6.7 References
Chapter 7
MINIATURIZATION OF THE ENTIRE ANALYTICAL PROCESS (I): MICRO(NANO)SENSORS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Evolution of sensors with nanotechnology
7.3 Micro- and nano-sensors
7.4 Nanoprobes for in vivo bioanalysis
7.5 References
Chapter 8
MINIATURIZATION OF THE ENTIRE ANALYTICAL PROCESS (II): MICRO-TAS
8.1 Micro-TAS, microfluidics and "lab-on-a-chip": concepts and terminology
8.2 Basic concepts of microfluidics: design of the analytical microsystems
8.3. Basics of scaling down in microsystems
8.4 Microfluidics platforms: types, principles and classification
8.5 Microfluidic devices for analytical "lab-on-a-chip" applications
8.6 Conclusions and Future prospects
8.7. References
Chapter 9
PORTABILITY OF MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Portable gas analyzers
9.3 Portable electrochemical analyzers
9.4 Portable optical analyzers
9.5 Portable lab-on-a-chip analyzers
9.6 References
Chapter 10
ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE OF MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Quality control of miniaturized systems
10.3 Validation of microsystems
10.4 Qualification of microsystems
10.5 Robustness of microsystems
10.6 References