Edited by a renowned and much cited chemist, this book covers the whole span of molecular computers that are based on non-biological systems. The contributions by all the major scientists in the field provide an excellent overview of the latest developments in this rapidly expanding area.
A must-have for all researchers working on this very hot topic.
TOC:
Preface XIII
List of Contributors XV
1 Molecular Information Processing: from Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces – from Algorithms to Devices – Editorial Introduction 1
Evgeny Katz and Vera Bocharova
References 7
2 From Sensors to Molecular Logic: A Journey 11
A. Prasanna de Silva
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Designing Luminescent Switching Systems 11
2.3 Converting Sensing/Switching into Logic 13
2.4 Generalizing Logic 15
2.5 Expanding Logic 16
2.6 Utilizing Logic 17
2.7 Bringing in Physical Inputs 20
2.8 Summary and Outlook 21
Acknowledgments 21
References 21
3 Binary Logic with Synthetic Molecular and Supramolecular Species 25
Monica Semeraro, Massimo Baroncini, and Alberto Credi
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Combinational Logic Gates and Circuits 27
3.3 Sequential Logic Circuits 41
3.4 Summary and Outlook 48
Acknowledgments 49
References 49
4 Photonically Switched Molecular Logic Devices 53
Joakim Andréasson and Devens Gust
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Photochromic Molecules 54
4.3 Photonic Control of Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions 55
4.4 Boolean Logic Gates 61
4.5 Advanced Logic Functions 64
4.6 Conclusion 75
References 76
5 Engineering Luminescent Molecules with Sensing and Logic Capabilities 79
David C. Magri
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Engineering Luminescent Molecules 80
5.3 Logic Gates with the Same Modules in Different Arrangements 83
5.4 Consolidating AND Logic 84
5.5 ‘‘Lab-on-a-Molecule’’ Systems 87
5.6 Redox-Fluorescent Logic Gates 90
5.7 Summary and Perspectives 95
References 96
6 Supramolecular Assemblies for Information Processing 99
Cátia Parente Carvalho and Uwe Pischel
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Recognition of Metal Ion Inputs by Crown Ethers 100
6.3 Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies as Logic Devices 102
6.4 Molecular Logic Gates with [2]Pseudorotaxane- and [2]Rotaxane-Based Switches 103
6.5 Supramolecular Host-Guest Complexes with Cyclodextrins and Cucurbiturils 110
6.6 Summary 116
Acknowledgments 117
References 117
7 Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular-Scale Information Processing 121
Sylwia Gaw¸eda, Remigiusz Kowalik, Przemyslaw Kwolek, Wojciech Macyk, Justyna Mech, Marek Oszajca, Agnieszka Podborska, and Konrad Szacilowski
7.1 Introduction 121
7.2 Synthesis of Semiconducting Thin Layers and Nanoparticles 122
7.3 Electrochemical Deposition 125
7.4 Organic Semiconductors–toward Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials 136
7.5 Mechanisms of Photocurrent Switching Phenomena 142
7.6 Digital Devices Based on PEPS Effect 161
7.7 Concluding Remarks 167
Acknowledgments 168
References 168
8 Toward Arithmetic Circuits in Subexcitable Chemical Media 175
Andrew Adamatzky, Ben De Lacy Costello, and Julian Holley
8.1 Awakening Gates in Chemical Media 175
8.2 Collision-Based Computing 176
8.3 Localizations in Subexcitable BZ Medium 176
8.4 BZ Vesicles 180
8.5 Interaction Between Wave Fragments 181
8.6 Universality and Polymorphism 183
8.7 Binary Adder 186
8.8 Regular and Irregular BZ Disc Networks 193
8.9 Memory Cells with BZ Discs 201
8.10 Conclusion 204
Acknowledgments 204
References 205
9 High-Concentration Chemical Computing Techniques for Solving Hard-To-Solve Problems, and their Relation to Numerical Optimization, Neural Computing, Reasoning under Uncertainty, and Freedom of Choice 209
Vladik Kreinovich and Olac Fuentes
9.1 What are Hard-To-Solve Problems and Why Solving Even One of Them is Important 209
9.2 How Chemical Computing Can Solve a Hard-To-Solve Problem of Propositional Satisfiability 218
9.3 The Resulting Method for Solving Hard Problems is Related to Numerical Optimization, Neural Computing, Reasoning under Uncertainty, and Freedom of Choice 228
Acknowledgments 234
References 234
10 All Kinds of Behavior are Possible in Chemical Kinetics: A Theorem and its Potential Applications to Chemical Computing 237
Vladik Kreinovich
10.1 Introduction 237
10.2 Main Result 239
10.3 Proof 246
Acknowledgments 256
References 257
11 Kabbalistic–Leibnizian Automata for Simulating the Universe 259
Andrew Schumann
11.1 Introduction 259
11.2 Historical Background of Kabbalistic–Leibnizian Automata 259
11.3 Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automata 264
11.4 The Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automaton for Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction 268
11.5 The Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automaton for Dynamics of Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum 271
11.6 Unconventional Computing as a Novel Paradigm in Natural Sciences 276
11.7 Conclusion 278
Acknowledgments 278
References 278
12 Approaches to Control of Noise in Chemical and Biochemical Information and Signal Processing 281
Vladimir Privman
12.1 Introduction 281
12.2 From Chemical Information-Processing Gates to Networks 283
12.3 Noise Handling at the Gate Level and Beyond 286
12.4 Optimization of AND Gates 290
12.5 Networking of Gates 294
12.6 Conclusions and Challenges 296
Acknowledgments 297
References 297
13 Electrochemistry, Emergent Patterns, and Inorganic Intelligent Response 305
Saman Sadeghi and Michael Thompson
13.1 Introduction 305
13.2 Patten Formation in Complex Systems 306
13.3 Intelligent Response and Pattern Formation 308
13.4 Artificial Cognitive Materials 314
13.5 An Intelligent Electrochemical Platform 315
13.6 From Chemistry to Brain Dynamics 321
13.7 Final Remarks 327
References 328
14 Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing 333
Evgeny Katz
14.1 Introduction 333
14.2 Light-Switchable Modified Electrodes Based on Photoisomerizable Materials 334
14.3 Magnetoswitchable Electrodes Utilizing Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles or Nanowires 336
14.4 Potential-Switchable Modified Electrodes Based on Electrochemical Transformations of Functional Interfaces 339
14.5 Chemically/Biochemically Switchable Electrodes and Their Coupling with Biomolecular Computing Systems 343
14.6 Summary and Outlook 350
Acknowledgments 351
References 352
15 Conclusions and Perspectives 355
Evgeny Katz
References 357
Index 359