Reflecting the dramatic advances in the field since the first edition was published 10 years ago, this book is the only comprehensive reference on glial cells. The majority of neuroscientists now acknowledge that neuroglia are elemental to most, if not all, brain functions. The second edition covers the entire field of glial research from the basic molecular and cellular structure of these cells to their involvement in neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. It includes new chapters on transmitter release by exocytosis from glia, glia derived stem cells, glia and synaptic transmission, glia and axon guidance, mechanisms of glial injury, and the roles of glia in different diseases.
The new edition was written with both students and experts in mind. It provides a basic introduction to the entire range of glial topics and detailed information with critical assessment of the research literature. Neuroscience textbooks focus on the properties of neurons, whereas this book fills the information void about the brain's other cells. This book is an essential reference source for newcomers, including graduate students, to neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurophysiology and molecular neurobiology. It is also a vital companion for established researchers in these fields as well as clinicians in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, neuropathology and neuro-oncology.
Contents
1. The Concept of Neuroglia: A Historical Perspective
Helmut Kettenmann and Bruce R. Ransom
PART I. . PROPERTIES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Morphology and Ultrastructure of Glial Cells
Astrocytes and Ependymal Glia , 2
Andreas Reichenbach and Hartwiq Wolburg
3. Structure and Function of Oligodendrocytes
Arthur M. Butt
4. Schwann Cells and Myelin
Rudolf Martini
5. Microglial Cells
Wolfgang J. Streit
Lineage
6. Lineages of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes
James E. Goldman
7. The Schwann Cell Lineage
Kristjan R. Jessen and Rhona Mirsky
8. The Role of Neurogenic Astroglial Cells in the Developing and Adult Central Nervous System
Stephen C. Noctor, Lidija Ivic, Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno, and Arnold R. Kriegstein
Physiological and Biochemical Properties
9. Voltage-Activated Ion Channels in Glial Cells
Michelle L. Olsen and Harald W. Sontheimer
10. Receptors for Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Helmut Kettenmann and Christian Steinhäuser
11. Cytokine and Chemokine Receptors and Signaling
Duane R. Wesemann and Etty N. Benveniste
12. Mechanisms of Solute Transport in Glia
Neville Brookes
13. Gap Junctions and Hemichannels
Bruce R. Ransom and Zu-Cheng Ye
14. Quantal Release of Transmitter: Not Only From Neurons but from Astrocytes as Well?,
Andrea Volterra and Jacopo Meldolesi
15. Enzymes of Carbohydrate and Energy Metabolism
Bernd Hamprecht, Stephan Verleysdonk, and Heinrich Wiesinger
16. Second Messenger Systems
Sean Murphy and Brian P. Pearce
17. Intracellular Calcium Control Mechanisms in Glia
Marisa Luisa Cotrina and Maiken Nedergaard
18. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Astroglia
Lawrence F. Eng and Yuen Ling Lee
PART II. . FUNCTIONS OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Myelin
19. Molecular Biology of Myelination
Anthony T. Campagnoni
20. Factors Controlling Myelin Formation
Lynn D. Hudson
21. Myelin Function and Saltatory Conduction
Stephen G. Waxman and Lakshmi Bangalore
Immune Function
22. Cytokine Production
Francesca Aloisi
23. Interaction of Glial Cells with Monocytes
Ingo Bechmann and Robert Nitsch
24. Antigen Processing, Presentation, and T Cell Interaction
Harald Neumann
Blood-Brain Barrier
25. The Role of Glia in the Formation and Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
Hannelore Bauer, Hans-Christian Bauer, Reiner F. Haseloff, and Ingolf E. Blasig
Influence on Neurons
26. Extracellular Potassium and pH: Homeostasis and Signaling
Jonathan A. Coles and Joachim W. Deitmer
27. Astrocyte Neurotransmitter Uptake
Raymond A. Swanson
28. Glia and Synaptic Transmission
Eric A. Newman
29. The Central Role of Atrocytes in Neuroenergetics
Luc Pellerin and Pierre J. Magistretti
30. Growth Factors for Neurons Provided by Macroglial Cells
Bernhard Reuss and Klaus Unsicker
Development
31. Radial Glial Cells: Scaffolding for Cortical Development and Evolution
Pasko Rakic
32. Axon Guidance
Andreas Faissner
PART III. . DISEASE AND NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Mechanisms of Glial Injury
33. Astrocyte Injury
Christopher J. Feeney and Peter K. Stys
34. Oligodendrocyte and Schwann Cell Injury
Jennifer K. Ness and Mark P. Goldberg
35. Response of Microglia to Brain Injury
Kazuyuki Nakajima and Shinichi Kohsaka
Recovery of Neural Function
36. Axonal Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System of Mammals
Olawale A.R. Sulaiman, J. Gordon Boyd, Tessa Gordon
37. Axonal Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System of Mammals
Isabel Klusman and Martin E. Schwab
38. Transplantation of Myelin-Forming Cells
William F. Blakemore and Robin J.M. Franklin
Diseases
39. Multiple Sclerosis
Jack Antel and Douglas Arnold
40. Human Immunideficiency Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System
Elena Ryzhova, Dennis L. Kolson, and Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano
41. Focal Cerebral Ischemia: The Multifaceted Role of Glial Cells
Ulrich Dirnagl and Josef Priller
42. Gliomas
Michael Weller
43. Neurological Mouse Mutants: A Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Myelin Proteins
Klaus-Armin Nave and Ueli Suter
44. Astrocytic Swelling in Neuropathology
Alexander A. Mongin and Harold K. Kimelberg
45. The Activation of Microglia as an Early Sign of Disease Progression in Alzheimer's Disease
Robert Veerhuis, Jeroen J.M. Hoozemans, Annachiara Cagnin, Piet Eikelenboom, and Richard B. Banati
46. Peripheral Neuropathy and the Schwann Cell
Rita M. Cowell and James W. Russell
47. Reaction of Glial Cells in Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Martina Deckert and Dirk Schlüter