Picornaviruses afflict the animal kingdom with a wide range of maladies, notably the common cold, encephalitis, hepatitis, meningitis, and polio in humans and the economically devastating foot-and-mouth disease in animals. With contributions from leading experts from around the world, this volume examines the most current breakthroughs as well as the challenges that lie ahead in picornavirus research. Based on the most recent basic and clinical research findings, The Picornaviruses encapsulates our current knowledge of the molecular biology, evolution, and pathogenesis of this large family of viruses. In addition, it examines the diseases that these viruses cause and the latest vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent and control those diseases.
The first eleven chapters explore the structural and mechanistic bases of picornavirus replication, highlighting new insights about the host cell interactions needed for virus growth. The next six chapters illustrate how the regular occurrence of mutations, typical of viruses with RNA as genetic material, generates the quasispecies dynamics that underlie viral fitness. Together with more drastic recombination events, the book shows how this error-prone RNA replication may have generated the variety of viruses embodied in the different picornavirus genera. The final twelve chapters focus on picornaviruses that cause disease, examining pathogenicity and innate and acquired immune responses against infection as well as the latest vaccine and antiviral drug strategies.
Synthesizing the latest developments in the study of picornaviruses, the book underscores our growing understanding of the close connections among picornavirus biology, diversity, evolution, and disease. Moreover, it serves as a springboard for developing new approaches to understanding this important family of viruses as well as preventing and treating picornaviral diseases.
Key Features
· Discusses new and recently discovered picornavirus genera
· Presents new data regarding molecular mechanisms of virus replication
· Develops models for viral hijacking of cellular components during infection
· Reviews the impact of polymerase fidelity and quasispecies dynamics in the behavior of picornaviruses
· Presents current knowledge about the pathogenesis of picornavirus diseases, including the role of virus persistence and immunopathogenesis
· Describes new developments surrounding innate immune responses to picornavirus infections
· Reviews the status of the global effort to eradicate polio
· Presents current approaches to developing anti-picornavirus drugs and vaccines
View Table of Contents
I. Introduction to Picornavirus Biology
1. Genome Organization and Encoded Proteins, Ann Palmenberg, David Neubauer, and Tim Skern
2. Overview of Taxonomy, Nick J. Knowles, Tapani Hovi, Andrew M. Q. King, and Glyn Stanway
3. The Making of a Picornavirus Genome, Eckard Wimmer and Aniko V. Paul
II. Virion Structure and Cell Entry and Assembly
4. Virion Structure, Elizabeth E. Fry and David I. Stuart
5. Receptors, Jeffrey M. Bergelson
6. Cell Entry: a Biochemical and Structural Perspective, Hazel Levy, Mihnea Bostina, David J. Filman, and James M. Hogle
III. Genome Replication and Translation
7. Genome Replication I: the Players, Janet M. Rozovics and Bert L. Semler
8. Genome Replication II: the Process, Karla Kirkegaard and Bert L. Semler
9. Translation and Protein Processing, Encarna Martínez-Salas and Martin D. Ryan
IV. Alterations of Host Cell Function
10. Interference with Cellular Gene Expression, Jonathan D. Dougherty, Nogi Park, Kurt E. Gustin, and Richard E. Lloyd
11. Remodeling Cellular Membranes, Frank van Kuppeveld, George Belov, and Ellie Ehrenfeld
V. Evolution and Mechanisms
12. Mutation, Quasispecies, and Lethal Mutagenesis, Esteban Domingo, Celia Perales, Rubén Agudo, Armando Arias, Cristina Escarmís, Cristina Ferrer-Orta, and Nuria Verdaguer
13. Biological Implications of Picornavirus Fidelity Mutants, Marco Vignuzzi and Raul Andino
14. Recombination in the Evolution of Picornaviruses, Peter Simmonds
15. Picornaviruses as a Model for Studying the Nature of RNA Recombination, Vadim I. Agol
16. Origin and Evolution of the Picornaviridae Proteome, Alexander E. Gorbalenya and Chris Lauber
17. Codon Biases and Viral Fitness, Albert Bosch, Steffen Mueller, and Rosa M. Pintó
VI. Immune Response and Persistence
18. Innate Immune Responses, Vincent R. Racaniello
19. Adaptive Immune Responses, Christopher C. Kemball, Robert S. Fujinami, and J. Lindsay Whitton
20. Persistent Infections, Florence Colbère-Garapin and Howard L. Lipton
VII. Pathogenesis of Disease
21. Poliomyelitis, Satoshi Koike and Akio Nomoto
22. Group B Coxsackievirus Diseases, Steven Tracy and Nora M. Chapman
23. Rhinovirus and Respiratory Disease, Marc B. Hershenson
24. Hepatitis A Virus, Zongdi Feng and Stanley M. Lemon
25. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Marvin J. Grubman, Luis L. Rodriguez, and Teresa de los Santos
26. Theiler’s Virus Central Nervous System Infection, Thomas Michiels and Raymond P. Roos
VIII. Disease Prevention and Treatment
27. Vaccine Strategies, David J. Rowlands and Philip D. Minor
28. The Poliovirus Eradication Initiative, Konstantin Chumakov and Olen Kew
29. Antiviral Drugs, Armando M. De Palma and Johan Neyts