Mycobacteria are responsible for many high-profile diseases in both humans and animals including leprosy, Buruli ulcer, Johne’s disease, and most notably, tuberculosis. The Mycobacterial Cell Envelope explains the unique characteristics that cause this large group of bacteria to function differently. The envelope, a complex arrangement of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, is the interface between the pathogen and its human host. The cell envelope’s low permeability, along with a chemical structure capable of resisting lysis by host cell enzymes, seems to be responsible for the resistance of the mycobacterial cell to destruction by the host. Additionally, envelope components are involved in the uptake of the mycobacterium by the cell and also in modifying the responses of the cell and of the host’s immune system.
Organized into two large sections, The Mycobacterial Cell Envelope first describes the shared features of all mycobacterial cell envelopes. Topics addressed in the first section include the chemical nature of the cell envelope, general and specialized transport functions, vulnerabilities of the cell envelope, and its process of biosynthesis. The second section describes features more specific to individual mycobacterial cell envelopes. These unique features, including protein adhesion, sulfolipids of M. tuberculosis, and a mycobacterial toxin, hold the keys to better understanding the cell envelope’s importance.
This comprehensive volume summarizes the complex architecture of the mycobacterial cell envelope and presents the major breakthroughs in this field. In each chapter, world-renowned experts present in-depth coverage of the major components of this complex structure. This volume will be essential for gaining an integrated view of this important field, and it will serve as a valuable reference for those working in the areas of biochemistry, genetics, genomics, and immunology.
Table of Contents
Introduction, Philip Draper
I. Common Features
1. The Global Architecture of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope, Mamadou Daffé
2. Wall Ultrastructure and Periplasm, Terry J. Beveridge
3. Biosynthesis of the Arabinogalactan-Peptidoglycan Complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Dean C. Crick and Patrick Brennan
4. A Comprehensive Overview of the Mycolic Acid Structure and Biosynthesis, Hedia Marrakchi, Fabienne Bardou, Marie-Antoinette Lanéelle, and Mamadou Daffé
5. Cording, Cord Factors, and Trehalose Dimycolate, Michael S. Glickman
6. Structure, Activities, and Biosynthesis of Phosphatidyl-myo-Inositol-Based Lipoglycans, Martine Gilleron, Jérôme Nigou, Germain Puzo, and Mary Jackson
7. Antibiotics and New Inhibitors of the Cell Wall, Lynn G. Dover, Luke Alderwick, Veeman Bhowruth, Alistair K. Brown, Gurdyal S. Besra, and Laurent Kremer
8. Enigmatic Proteins from the Surface: the Erp, PE, and PPE Protein Families, Giovanni Delogu, Fabiana Bigi, Seyed E. Hasnain, and Angel Cataldi
9. Mycobacterial Porins, Michael Niederweis
10. Iron Uptake in Mycobacteria, Luis E. N. Quadri
11. The ABC Transporter Systems, Jean Content and Priska Peirs
12. The MmpL Protein Family, Jeffery S. Cox, Madhulika Jain, and Eric Chow
13. ESAT-6 and the Mycobacterial ESX Secretion Systems, Ida Rosenkrands, Daria Bottai, Peter Andersen, and Roland Brosch
14. Mycobacterial Sigma Factors and Surface Biology, Sahadevan Raman, Alessandro Cascioferro, Robert N. Husson, and Riccardo Manganelli
15. Biosynthesis of Mycobacterial Lipids by Multifunctional Polyketide Synthases, Vivek T. Natarajan, Debasisa Mohanty, and Rajesh S. Gokhale
16. The Constituents of the Cell Envelope and Their Impact on the Host Immune System, Warwick J. Britton and James A. Triccas
II. Specific Features
17. Biosynthesis and Roles of Phenolic Glycolipids and Related Molecules in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Christophe Guilhot, Christian Chalut, and Mamadou Daffé
18. Sulfated Metabolites from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Sulfolipid-1 and Beyond, Carolyn R. Bertozzi and Michael W. Schelle
19. The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin: a Virulence Factor and Antigen Useful for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Camille Locht, Dominique Raze, Carine Rouanet, Christophe Genisset, Jérôme Segers, and Françoise Mascart
20. The Role of Mycobacterial Kinases and Phosphatases in Growth, Pathogenesis, and Cell Wall Metabolism, Anil K. Tyagi, Ramandeep Singh, and Vibha Gupta
21. Glycopeptidolipids: a Complex Pathway for Small Pleiotropic Molecules, Caroline Deshayes, Dana Kocíncová, Gilles Etienne, and Jean-Marc Reyrat
22. The Mycolactones: Biologically Active Polyketides Produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans and Related Aquatic Mycobacteria, Timothy P. Stinear and Pamela L. C. Small
Epilogue, The Envelope: Beyond the Veil, Jean-Marc Reyrat and Mamadou Daffé