This innovative volume introduces clinical microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, medical professionals, and public health researchers to the importance and influence of evolutionary outcomes. Humans experience countless interactions with the microbial world; our biology is intertwined with the biology of microbes; we co-evolve with them. Understanding this evolutionary reality provides a powerful tool to integrate and synthesize a huge amount of heterogeneous information from a variety of fields studying human biology.
Written by an international team of distinguished researchers and practitioners, the volume’s 49 chapters cover the relationship between microbial evolution and human biology from many perspectives. The first section illustrates the evolutionary biology of microbial-human interactions, considering the effect of human-driven changes. The second section analyzes evolutionary genetics involved in microbial variation and adaptation, from microbial genome to mobile elements as plasmids or integrons. The third section deals with evolutionary microbial responses to antibiotics, the major anthropogenic factor altering our interactions with microbes. Finally, the last three sections systematically analyze the evolution of pathogenesis in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. These chapters convey the impact of evolution on microbe-human interactions, and how that influences infectious diseases. This information will stimulate an evolutionary orientation in the daily interpretation of facts that are observed in the laboratory and the hospital.
Table of Contents
I. Evolutionary Biology of Microbial-Host Interactions
1. Evolution of Bacterium-Host Interactions: Virulence and the Immune Overresponse, Elisa Margolis and Bruce R. Levin
2. Collective Traits in Pathogenic Bacteria, Jean-Baptiste André and Minus van Baalen
3. Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Pathogens, Keith A. Crandall and Marcos Pérez-Losada
4. Environmental and Social Influences on Infectious Diseases, Anthony J. McMichael
5. Human Genome Diversity: a Host Genomic Perspective of Host-Pathogen Interactions and Infectious Diseases, Lluís Quintana-Murci
6. Human Interventions on the Evolution of Host-Bacteria Interactions, David L. Smith and Ramanan Laxminarayan
7. Effects of Immune Selection on Population Structure of Bacteria, Caroline Buckee and Sunetra Gupta
8. Evolution of Normal Intestinal Microbiota and Its Pathogenic Implications, George T. Macfarlane and Sandra Macfarlane
9. Evolution of Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens, José Luis Martínez
10. Multilocus Models of Bacterial Population Genetics, William P. Hanage, Christophe Fraser, Thomas R. Connor, and Brian G. Spratt
11. A Host View of the Fungal Cell Wall, Rebeca Alonso-Monge, Elvira Román, Jesús Pla, and César Nombela
II. Evolutionary Genetics of Microbial Pathogens
12. Genome Architecture and Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens, Alex Mira and Ravindra Pushker
13. Evolution of Genomic Islands and Evolution of Pathogenicity, Jörg Hacker
14. Evolution of Integrons and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance, Didier Mazel
15. Evolution of Plasmids and Evolution of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, Alessandra Carattoli
16. Role of Phages in Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Resistance, Juan-Carolos Galán
17. Emergence, Spread, and Extinction of Bacterial Pathogenic Clones, Lesley McGee, Fred C. Tenover, Bernard Beall, and Keith P. Klugman
18. Specific Chromosome Alterations of Candida albicans: Mechanisms for Adaptation to Pathogenicity, Elena Rustchenko
19. Evolution of a Mating System Uniquely Dependent Upon Switching and Pathogenesis in Candida albicans, David R. Soll
20. Mechanisms of Variation in Microbial Pathogenesis, Susan K. Hollingshead
III. Evolutionary Biology of Drug Resistance
21. Modularization and Evolvability in Antibiotic Resistance, Fernando Baquero
22. Epidemiology and Evolutionof ß-Lactamases, Rafael Cantón
23. Epidemiology and Evolution of Quinolone Resistance, Jordi Vila
24. Evolution of Glycopeptide Resistance, Patrice Courvalin
25. Emergence and Evolution of Antifungal Resistance, Thomas D. Edlind
26. Effects of Antibiotic Resistance on Bacterial Fitness, Virulence, and Transmission, Dan I. Andersson and Diarmaid Hughes
27. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance by Hypermutation, Jesús Blázquez and José María Gómez-Gómez
28. Multiple Stages in the Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Herminia de Lencastre and Alexander Tomasz
IV. Evolutionary Pathogenicity of Gram-Negative Bacteria
29. Evolution of Salmonella and Salmonella Infections, Rafael Rotger
30. Evolution of Vibrio cholerae and Cholera Epidemics, Shah Faruque and John Mekalanos
31. Evolution of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus Infections, José Campos, Belén Aracil, Silvia García, and Jesús Oteo
32. Evolution of Pathogenic Yersinia, Stewart J. Hinchliffe, Philippa C. R. Strong, Sarah L. Howard, and Brendan W. Wren
33. Evolution of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis as Deduced from Comparative Genome Analyses, Andrew Preston and Duncan J. Maskell
34. Genomic View on the Evolution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Tetsuya Hayashi, Tadasuke Ooka, Yoshitoshi Ogura, and Asadalghani
35. Evolution of Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Claude Parsot and Philippe Sansonetti
36. Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenicity: from Acute to Chronic Infections, Antonio Oliver, Ana Mena, and María D. Maciá
37. Evolution of Helicobacter and Helicobacter Infections, María G. Domínguez-Bello and Martin J. Blaser
38. Evolution of Legionella pneumophila Icm/Dot Pathogenesis System, Gil Segal
39. Evolution of Neisseria and Neisseria Infections, Muhamed-Kheir Taha
40. Molecular Evolution of Chlamydiales, Deborah Dean and Kim Millman
V. Evolutionary Pathogenicity of Gram-Positive and Related Bacteria
41. Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes, Pascale Cossart, Carmen Buchrieser, and Jürgen Kreft
42. Evolutionary Biology of Pathogenic Enterococci, Teresa M. Coque
43. Evolution of Bacillus anthracis, Causative Agent of Anthrax, Paul S. Keim, Talima Pearson, and Richard T. Okinaka
44. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence and Evolution, Oliver Neyrolles and Brigitte Gicquel
45. Evolution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasmal Infections, Maria Antonia Meseguer
46. The Pneumococcus: Population Biology and Virulence, Mark C. Enright
VI. Evolutionary Pathogenicity of Pathogenic Fungi
47. Evolution of Pathogenic Candida Species, Frank C. Odds
48. Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans: an Evolutionary Perspective, Oscar Zaragoza, Susana Frasés, and Arturo Casadevall
49. Aspergillus as a Human Pathogen: an Evolutionary Perspective, Emilia Mellado, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, and Juan L. Rodríguez-Tudela