Completely revised and updated to reflect important advances in the field, Principles of Virology, Second Edition continues to fill the gap between simple introductory texts and very advanced reviews of major virus families, introducing upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and medical students to all aspects of virology.
The second edition retains all of the defining and much-praised features of the first edition, focusing on concepts and principles and presenting a comprehensive treatment from molecular biology to pathogenesis of infection control. Written in an engagingly readable style and generously illustrated with over 400 full-color illustrations, this approachable volume offers detailed examples that illustrate common principles, specific strategies adopted by different viruses to ensure their reproduction, and the current state of virology research.
The book is divided into chapters that focus on specific topics rather than individual viruses, and allows the student to visualize common themes that cut across virus families, emphasizing the shared features of different viruses. Drawing on the extensive teaching experience of each of its distinguished authors, Principles of Virology illustrates why and how animal viruses are studied and demonstrates, using well-studied systems, how the knowledge gained from such model viruses can be used to study viral systems about which our knowledge is still quite limited.
A thorough introduction to principles of viral pathogenesis, a broad view of viral evolution, a discussion of how viruses were discovered, and how the discipline of virology came to be are also provided. A variety of special boxes highlight key experiments, background material, caveats, and much more.
The text focuses on concepts and principles and covers not only aspects of molecular biology, but also pathogenesis, evolution, emergence, and control, and will be a valuable resource for practicing physicians and scientists.
Table of Contents
I. The Science of Virology
Chapter 1. Foundations
* Luria's Credo
* Virus Prehistory
* Discovery of Viruses
* The Definitive Properties of Viruses
* Viruses Defined
* Cataloging Animal Viruses
* Unifying Principles
* References
Chapter 2. Virus Cultivation, Detection, and Genetics
* Introduction
* Cultivation of Viruses
* Detection of Viruses in the Host
* Genetic Analysis of Viruses
* Perspectives
* References
II. Molecular Biology
Chapter 3. Genomes
* Introduction
* Genome Principles and the Baltimore System
* Structure and Complexity of Viral Genomes
* What Do Viral Genomes Look Like in the Virus?
* Coding Strategies
* What Can Viral Sequences Tell Us?
* The "Big and Small" of Viral Genomes: Does Size Matter?
* How to Use This New Classification
* References
Chapter 4. Structure
* Introduction
* Building a Protective Coat
* Packaging the Nucleic Acid Genome
* Viruses with Envelopes
* Other Components of Virions
* Cellular Macromolecules
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 5. Attachment and Entry
* Introduction
* The Architecture of Cell Surfaces
* Interaction of Viruses with Cell Receptors
* Uptake of Macromolecules by Cells
* Mechanisms of Entry
* Transport of the Viral Genome into the Nucleus
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 6. RNA Virus Genome Replication and mRNA Production
* Introduction
* Mechanisms of Viral RNA Synthesis
* The Switch from mRNA Production to Genome RNA Synthesis
* Origins of Diversity in RNA Viruses
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 7. Reverse Transcription and Integration
* Retroviral Reverse Transcription
* Retroviral DNA Integration
* Hepadnaviral Reverse Transcription
* References
Chapter 8. Transcription Strategies: DNA Templates
* Introduction
* Properties of Cellular Transcription Systems
* Transcription of Viral DNA Templates by the Cellular Machinery Alone
* Viral Proteins That Regulate Transcription by RNA Polymerase II
* A Viral DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
* Transcription of Viral Genes by RNA Polymerase III
* Unusual Functions of Cellular Transcription Components
* Inhibition of the Cellular Transcription Machinery
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 9. Genome Replication Strategies: DNA Viruses
* Introduction
* DNA Synthesis by the Cellular Replication Machinery: Lessons from Simian Virus 40
* Mechanisms of Viral DNA Synthesis
* Mechanisms of Exponential Viral DNA Replication
* Limited Replication of Viral DNA
* Origins of Genetic Diversity in DNA Viruses
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 10. Processing of Viral Pre-mRNA
* Introduction
* Covalent Modification during Viral Pre-mRNA Processing
* Export of Viral and Cellular RNAs from the Nucleus
* Posttranscriptional Regulation of Viral or Cellular Gene Expression by Viral Proteins
* Regulation of Trunover of Viral and Cellular mRNAs in the Cytoplasm
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 11. Control of Translation
* Introduction
* Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis
* The Diversity of Viral Translation Strategies
* Regulation of Translation during Viral Infection
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 12. Intracellular Trafficking
* Introduction
* Assembly within the Nucleus
* Assembly at the Plasma Membrane
* Interactions with Internal Cellular Membranes
* Transport of Viral Genomes to Assembly Sites
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 13. Assembly, Exit, and Maturation
* Introduction
* Methods of Studying Virus Assembly and Egress
* Assembly of Protein Shells
* Selective Packaging of the Viral Genome and Other Virion Components
* Acquisition of an Envelope
* Release of Virus Particles
* Maturation of Progeny Virions
* Cell-to-Cell Spread
* Perspectives
* References
III. Pathogenesis
Chapter 14. Dissemination, Virulence, and Epidemiology
* Introduction
* Viral Dissemination in the Host
* Viral Virulence
* Epidemiology
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 15. Virus Offense Meets Host Defense
* The Host Defense Against Viral Infections
* The Innante Immune Response
* The Adaptive Immune Response
* Injury Induced by Viruses
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 16. Patterns of Infection
* Patterns of Infection
* Life Cycles
* Acute Infection
* Two Viruses That Cause Persistant Infections
* Latent Infections
* Two Examples of Latent Infections
* Slow Infections: Sigurdsson's Legacy
* Abortive Infections
* Transforming Infections
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 17. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis
* Introduction
* HIV Is a Lentivirus
* Cellular Targets
* Routes of Transmission
* The Course of Infection
* Origins of Cellular Immune Dysfunction
* Immune Response to HIV
* Dynamics of HIV-1 Replication in AIDS Patients
* Effects of HIV on Different Tissues and Organ Systems
* HIV and Cancer
* Prospects for Treatment and Prevention
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 18. Transformation and Oncogenesis
* Introduction
* Oncogenic Viruses
* Transformation by Activation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways
* Transformation via Cell Cycle Control Pathways
* Other Mechanisms of Transformation an Oncogenesis
* Perspectives
* References
IV. Control and Evolution
Chapter 19. Prevention and Control of Viral Diseases
* Introduction
* Vaccines: a Proven Defense against Viral Infections
* Preparation of Vaccines
* New Vaccine Technology
* Antiviral Drugs: Small Molecules That Block Viral Replication
* Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS
* Perspectives
* References
Chapter 20. Evolution and Emergence
* Virus Evolution
* Unusual Infectious Agents
* Emerging Viruses
* Perceptions and Possibilities
* Perspectives
* References
Appendix A: Structure, Genome Organization, and Infectious Cycles
Appendix B: Pathogenesis Snapshots
Glossary